Iron Deficiency & Anaemia: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention

Iron deficiency anaemia is a common health condition that affects people of all ages, especially women, children, and pregnant mothers. Iron is an essential mineral that helps the body produce haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When iron levels become too low, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, resulting in anaemia. This can affect daily activities, energy levels, and overall wellbeing if left untreated. There are several causes of iron deficiency anaemia. The most common causes are: • Inadequate intake of iron-rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, legumes, red meat, fish, and fortified cereals. • Blood loss due to heavy menstrual cycles, stomach ulcers, or internal bleeding can also reduce iron levels. In some people, the body may have difficulty absorbing iron because of digestive conditions. Pregnancy also increases the body’s need for iron, making women more vulnerable to deficiency. The symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia may develop gradually and can sometimes go unnoticed. Common signs include persistent tiredness, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and a rapid heartbeat. Some people may also notice brittle nails, hair fall, or difficulty concentrating. Recognizing these symptoms early is important so medical advice can be sought before the condition worsens. The good news is that iron deficiency anaemia can often be prevented. Eating a balanced diet rich in iron and including vitamin C–rich foods can improve iron absorption. Regular health check-ups and blood tests help detect low iron levels early, especially in people at higher risk. With proper nutrition, awareness, and timely treatment, iron deficiency anaemia can be effectively managed, helping individuals stay active and healthy.